STUDY FREEVR

  INPUT AND OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS IN                        C++ LANGUAGE OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS  EXAMPLE OF OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS  cout in c++ INPUT INSTRUCTIONS  EXAMPLE OF INPUT INSTRUCTIONS  cin in c++ REMEMBER SOME POINTS IOSTREAM.H  HEADER FILE iostream header file SAMPLE PROGRAM IN C++ program in c++

        IDENTIFIERS IN C++ LANGUAGE A  C++ identifier  is a name used to identify a variable, function, class, module, or any other user-defined item. An  identifier  starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9). CONSTANTS Constants refer to fixed values that the program may not alter and they are called  literals .Or in simple words you can say constant is:-    Any information  is constant    Data=information=constant Types of constant TYPE OF CONSTANT INTEGER CONSTANT An integer literal can be a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal constant. A prefix specifies the base or radix: 0x or 0X for hexadecimal, 0 for octal, and nothing for decimal. REAL CONSTANT(float) A real constant(float) has an integer part, a decimal point, a fractional part, and an exponent part. You can represent real constant(float) either in decimal form or exponential form CHARACTER CONSTANT Ch

    INTRODUCTION TO C++ LANGUAGE   HISTORY OF C++ LANGUAGE bjarne stroustrup FACTS OF C++ LANGUAGE FEATURES OF C++ LANGUAGE OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING object oriented progamming CONCEPT OF CLASS AND OBJECT class and object SYNTAX  AND MEMORY STORAGE  OF CLASS syntax of classes NOTE :-   In 1983 c with classes name convert into c++ language and in above                 syntax of class , remember that whenever we call class object i.e                 box b1,box b2,box b3, then every object have thier own l,b,h as we saw              above..  IF THIS ARTICLE IS HELPFUL TO YOU PLEASE LIKE SHARE AND COMMENTS... THANK YOU SO MUCH...

                   DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C AND C++  C VS C++ Differentiated by :-- 1-  Function Prototype in C and C++ different between function prototype in c and c++ 2-  Return Statements in C and C++ 3- Comments in C and C++ 4- Declaration of Local variable in C and C++ 5- Reference variables in C and C++ 6- Top Down and Bottom Up in C and C++ 7- Procedural vs Object Oriented in C and C++ pop vs oop 8-  Structure in C and C++ NOTE :-   We will discus all the differences in detaila in later lecture but some important point                     which asked in campus interviews discus todays and if this articles is helpful to you                     then please like , share and comments..

O LEVEL -PAPER 3rD -- M3-R4 C    LANGUAGE  fprintf() funtion in C fprint() function in c  Example of fprinf() function in C example of fprintf() function This program takes a number from user and stores in the file f1.txt. After you compile and run this program, you can see a text file f1.txt created in C drive of your computer. When you open the file, you can see the integer you entered. fscanf() funtion in C fscanf() function in c Example of fprinf() function in C example of fscanf() function This program reads the integer present in the f1.txt file and prints it onto the screen. If you succesfully created the file from  above fprintf() example , running this program will get you the integer you entered.

The fputs() and fwrite() Function The fputs() function is used to write string(array of characters) to the file and this function is declared in stdio.h header file. Syntax  fputs(char str[], FILE *fp); Example :- The fputs() function takes two arguments, first is the string to be written to the file and second is the file pointer where the string will be written. fwrite() To write to a binary file, you need to use the function fwrite(). The functions takes four arguments: Address of data to be written in disk, Size of data to be written in disk, number of such type of data and pointer to the filed where you want to write. Syntax  fwrite(address data,size data, numbers data, pointer to file); Example :- In this program, you create a new file in the C drive. We declare a structure book with three variable- bookid, title, price and define it in the main function as b1. Now, The first parameter takes the address of b1

O LEVEL -PAPER 3rD -- M3-R4 C    LANGUAGE  fgets() function in C The fgets  function  reads a sequence of character, i. e., a character string from an input stream. Its prototype is given below. fgets function in c Syntax of fgets() function fgets( str,n,fp); The fgets() function takes three arguments, first is the string read from the file, second is size of string(character array) and third is the file pointer from where the string will be read. EXAMPLE :-- fgets function in c

O LEVEL -PAPER 3rD -- M3-R4 C    LANGUAGE  FILE OPENING MODES IN  C :-- file opening modes                                                                          READING FROM A FILE MEANS :- Extracting data from a file to our program variables. This will not remove data from the file. HOW TO START PROGRAM ? fopen in c Here in above example we take file pointer *fp and mode 'r' . HOW TO CHECK IF FILE IS OPENED ? Here in above example we take if condition to check file is open or not and pass (fp==null) as a condition and use 'exit' to terminate the program if file is not found. EXAMPLE :- WRITE A PROGRAM TO READ CONTENT FROM A  FILE AND DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN. example reading from a file Here in above example we used feof(), this function is used for returning true or false  (0and1)value. and used fgetc() function to read the character of a program . I F THIS ARTICLE IS

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File Handling in C  Why Files are Needed? When a program is terminated, the entire data is lost. Storing in a file will preserve your data even if the program terminates. If you have to enter a large number of data, it will take  a lot of time to enter them all. However, if you have a file containing all the data, you can easily access the contents of the file using few commands in C. You can easily move your data from one computer to another without any changes . Types of files  When dealing with files, there are two types of files you should know about: 1- Text Files 2- Binary Files Text Files Text files are the normal.txt files that you can easily create using Notepad or any simple text editors. When you open those files, you'll see all the contents within the file as plain text. You can easily edit or delete the contents. They take minimum effort to maintain, are easily readable, and provide least security and takes bigger storage space. Binary fi

O LEVEL -PAPER 3rD -- M3-R4 C    LANGUAGE  PREPROCSSOR DIRECTIVES IN C preprocessor directives in c EXAMPLE OF PREPROCESSOR IN C #ifdef macro and #ifndef in c #ifdef and #ifndef EXAMPLE : #ifdef in C \ example of #ifdef & #ifndef ## operator in C ## operator in c EXAMPLE : ## operator in c example of ## operator in c

O LEVEL -PAPER 3rD -- M3-R4 C    LANGUAGE  define in C The #define directive define directive defines an identifier and a character sequence ( a set of characters ) that will be substituted for the identifier each time it is encountered in the source file. Syntax The identifier is referred to as a macro name and the replacement process as macro replacement. #define macro-name cha-sequence Example - #define PI 3.14 #define msg "hello" We can write both number as well as character or string with help of #define. #define example