Important Program of C language in O level exam january 2019

Important Program of C language in O level exam january 2019


Write a program to calculate number of vowels (a, e, i, o, u) separately in the entered string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
     char ch[200];
     int a,e,i,o,u,index;
     a=i=o=u=e=0;
     clrscr();
     printf("Enter your string>> ");
     gets(ch);
     for(index=0;ch[index]!='\0';index++)
     {
           switch(ch[index])
           {
                case 'a' :
                     a++;
                     break;
                case 'A' :

                     a++;
                     break;

                case 'e':
                     e++;
                     break;
                case 'E':
                     e++;
                     break;

                case 'o':
                     o++;
                     break;
                case 'O':
                     o++;
                     break;

                case 'i':
                     i++;
                     break;
                case 'I':
                     i++;
                     break;

                case 'u':
                     u++;
                     break;
                case 'U':
                     u++;
                     break;

           }
     }
     printf("\nVowel frequency\nA=%d\nE=%d\nI=%d\nO=%d\nU=%d",a,e,i,o,u);
     getch();


}

Write a function to read a two dimensional matrix along with the number of rows and columns in it, from the user. The contents of the array and the number of rows and columns should be passed back to the calling function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define ROW 10
#define COL 10
void print(int (*)[],int,int);
void main()
{
     int ar[ROW][COL],r,c,i;
     clrscr();
     for(r=0,i=1;r<ROW;r++)
     {
           for(c=0;c<COL;c++)
           {
                ar[r][c]=i;
                i++;
           }
     }
     printf("Enter Number of row and column to read>> ");
     scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);
     print(ar,r,c);


}
void print(int (*ar)[COL],int r,int c)
{
     int a,b;
     if(r>ROW || c>COL)
           printf("\nOut of range row or column");
     else
     {
           for(a=0;a<r;a++)
           {
                for(b=0;b<c;b++)
                     printf("%d\t",ar[a][b]);
                printf("\n");
           }
           getch();

     }
}

How does passing an array as an argument to a function differ from call by value?


An array is a collection of similar data type which occupies continuous location on memory. Name of array is constant pointer which point (store address of first element of array) first element. When we passed an array to a function as an argument then we pass address of first element and if any change made inside of function to passing array then its effect original location because it is call by reference.
So when an array is passed to a function as an argument then it’s always being pass by reference.


As in figure array is passed to function as argument when array name ar is passed then address of first element which is 10 is passed. So any change made by function will affect original data. Following code is example to demonstrate this fact. All element of passing array will be increase by 10.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int updatear(int *);
void main()
{
     int ar[5],i;
     clrscr();
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
     {
           printf("Enter Number>> ");
           scanf("%d",&ar[i]);
     }
     printf("\nArray data before function call\n");
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
           printf("\t%d",ar[i]);
     updatear(ar);
     printf("\nArray data after after function call \n");
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
           printf("\t%d",ar[i]);

     getch();
}

int updatear(int *ar)
{
     int i;

     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
           ar[i]=ar[i]+10;
}

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