String in C Language
String Program in C
In C, array of characters is called a string. A string is terminated with a null character \0.
For example: " c string tutorial"
Here, C string tutorial is a string. when compiler encounter strings, it appends a null character \0 at the end of the string.
String Declaration
Before we can actually work with strings, we need to declare them first.
String are declared in a similar wayas arrays. Only difference is that, strings are of char type.
Using arrays
char s[5];
Initialization of Strings
In C, string can be initialized in a number of different ways.
For convenience and ease, both initialization and declaration are done in the same step.
Using arrays
Char c[] = "abcd";
or
char c[50] = "abcd";
or
char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};
or
char c[5] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};
The given string is initialized and stored in the form of arrays as above.
Reading Strings from user
You can use the scanf() function to read a string like any other data types.
However, the scanf() function only takes the first entered word. The function terminates when it encounters a white space (or just space), Enter and tab.
Example --
char c[20];
scanf("%s", c);
Reading a line of text
An approach to reading a full line of text is to read and store each character one by one.
For example : getchar() function is used to read a line of text.
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
char name[30], ch;
int i = 0;
printf("enter name: ");
while(ch != '\n')
{
ch =getchar();
name[i] = ch;
i++;
}
name[i] ='\0';
printf("name: %s", name);
return 0;
}
In the above program, ch gets a single character from the user each time. This process is repeated until the user enters return (enter key). Finally, the null character is inserted at the end to make it a string. This process to take string is tedious.
Standard library function to read a line of text.
To make life easier, there are predefined functions gets() and puts in C language to read and display string respectively.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[30];
printf(" enter name: ");
gets(name);
printf(" name: ");
puts(name);
return 0;
}
Output
enter name: tom hanks
name : tom hanks
String manipulate
You need to often manipulate strings according to the need of a problem. Most, if not all, of the time string manipulation can be done manually but, this makes programming complex and large.
To solve this, C supports a large number of string handling functions in the standard library "string.h"
Few commonly used string handling functions are discussed below:
Here some uses of string functions and Strings handling functions are defined under "string.h" header file.
#include <string.h>
MULTIPLE STRING HANDLING :--
Here chars[3][10] means 3 row and 10 column.
EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE STRING --
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| string function in c |
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